when to plant grass seed in nc

Seed in early spring, late summer or fall (spring plantings are at risk from hot and dry conditions over the summer). It is the best grass to plant if you want a year-round green lawn. Planting the best-adapted grass and then watering, mowing, and fertilizing it properly form the basis for integrated pest management. Use either a rotary (centrifugal) or reel (cylinder) mower. Ideal seeding times for warm season grasses is April-May in the NC Piedmont. Zone 5 Planting Schedule Zone 6 … This application will not improve the longevity of tall fescue but will enhance its green color. It exhibits good disease resistance, drought tolerance, and cold tolerance; tolerates moderate traffic; and persists with minimum care. The best grass seed for zone 6 will depend upon your needs. In grass plants, it is usually split with overlapping edges. It grows well in full sun to moderate shade and performs well in wet, shaded, acid soils where other lawngrasses may not grow. Zone 6 is considered a cool season grass … Dry, compacted soils, obstructions such as rocks and trees, and excessive slopes may limit the usefulness of a slit seeder. Green Up Lawn Food for Seeding and Sodding. Centipedegrass can become thatchy, especially when mowed high and infrequently or when heavily fertilized. This is especially so when these grasses are mowed high and infrequently or heavily fertilized. In fact, clippings that remain on the lawn quickly decompose because they are composed mostly of water. They should not be used in the coastal plain. Any seed grown for profit, often including undesirable grassy weeds, such as orchardgrass. The frequency of mowing is governed by the amount of growth, which depends on temperature, fertility, moisture conditions, the season, and the natural growth rate of the grass. These cultivars, such as El Toro, Crowne, Palisades, Empire, Atlantic, and Jamur, are coarser in texture (similar to newer tall fescues) and are quicker to establish and recover from injury. The balanced use of all available control methods is called Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Seeding. Zoysiagrass is very drought resistant. For mixtures containing bluegrass, do not make the mistake of decreasing water as soon as the seedlings appear. Water established lawns to a soil depth of 6 to 8 inches to encourage deep rooting. Tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass, and fine fescues—such as creeping red, chewings, and hard—are cool-season perennial grasses used for lawns, mostly in the mountain and piedmont regions of North Carolina. Professional lawn care companies may use a maintenance schedule that differs from what is described in this publication, and it may be equally effective. A light power raking is better than trying to remove too much debris at one time. The closer the spacing, the faster the lawn will become established (Figure 4). Fertilize with 0.5 to 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 sq ft every one to three weeks for the fastest spread. Water the area to enhance settling. An underground stem modified for food storage that is attached to the root system as found in yellow nutsedge. Soil particles should be no larger than marble size, and pea gravel size is even better. Start sodding from a straight edge and butt strips together in a bricklike pattern. Lay sod lengthwise across the face of slopes, and peg or stake the pieces to prevent slippage. There is a PDF version of this document for downloading and printing. The North Carolina Crop Improvement Association (NCCIA) offers a list of certified seed producers. Herbicide that kills or injures some plants without harming others. If you did not obtain a soil test: Follow these recommendations for all grasses except centipedegrass. These grasses complement each other because perennial ryegrass establishes faster than Kentucky bluegrass, and Kentucky bluegrass has the ability to spread and fill in damaged areas. But continue to severely stunt existing vegetation by mowing short until desirable grasses have germinated and the desired mowing height is achieved. Tall fescue may turn brown, yet can often survive short periods of drought. You may also encounter more weeds than you would if planting in the fall. These numbers denote the N-P-K ratio—the percentage of each nutrient in a fertilizer. This will help conserve moisture, control erosion, and reduce surface crusting until establishment. General watering recommendations include the following: Take certain precautions if you do not plan to irrigate throughout the summer. Once in place, stabilize the mulch by rolling or watering. Early fall (late August to early October) is the best time to overseed your lawn. If you plan to seed a cool-season grass in the fall, such as tall fescue or Kentucky bluegrass, and your lawn site is ready for seeding in late March, April, May, or June, you can obtain a weak, temporary cover to hold the soil in place by seeding annual ryegrass. Coastal plain areas would be seeded two weeks earlier, whereas the mountain areas would be seeded two weeks later. A thin projection from the top of the leaf sheath in grasses; it may be a fringe of hairs, membranous, or absent. They grow from the crown of the plant… Figure 2. To reduce the danger of spreading disease and injuring the turf, mow when the soil and plants are dry. Zoysiagrass, St. Augustinegrass, and centipedegrass are often planted by plugging. Centipedegrass is a slow growing, apple-green, coarsely leaved turfgrass that is best used as a low maintenance, general purpose turf. Fertilize in early spring (after a mild winter), late spring or early summer … By overseeding in early fall, you can avoid a lot of hassle. Integrated pest management can be successful, but homeowners must realize that more time and labor are required and high expectations may not be met when pest pressures and environmental conditions are severe. It is never recommended for overseeding other warm-season grasses. ... it's too late to plant cool-season grass seed. It prefers acidic soils and low levels of phosphorus and may not require the addition of lime and phosphorus. Perennial ryegrass is similar in appearance to Kentucky bluegrass, but is only adapted to the mountains for use as a monostand turf. Sodding. Tall fescue, bermudagrass, and zoysiagrass are tolerant of drought if allowed to go dormant. Annual ryegrass is a problem weed in tall fescue because it cannot be selectively removed from the stand. Our free planting guide calculates the best dates for sowing seeds indoors and outdoors, and for transplanting seedlings to the garden—all customized to your location. Seeding beyond these dates increases the chance of failure caused by winter injury. Cultivar performance recommendations are based on overall quality ratings for each of these commercially available varieties. Annual Ryegrass Care in Spring. Warm-season grasses should not be seeded in the fall as there is inadequate time for maturity before the first expected frost. When renovating warm-season turfgrass with sod, the damaged grass should be replaced with the same cultivar to help ensure a uniform appearance. Slowly ease a lush, actively growing lawn into dormancy. Using the planting schedules below will help you get the most out of your garden. Many seed coatings will require a higher seeding rate to account for the added weight. Here are the methods most useful in lawn areas: Space planting is the planting of separate shoots or sprigs (runners, cuttings, or stolons) at regular spacings. Surveys show that an attractive, well-landscaped lawn can even add to the value of your home. Based on frost dates and planting … Kentucky bluegrass / tall fescue / fine fescue mix, Kentucky bluegrass / perennial ryegrass mix, Key for tolerance ratings: 6 = Excellent; 5 = Very good; 4 = Good; 3 = Fair; 2 = Poor; 1 = Very poor. Coring should be accomplished when the lawn is actively growing so that it can recover from any injury. Cultivar texture ranges from coarse to fine, and it forms a dense, durable surface when grown in full sunlight. Plants with flattened leaves; dicots, plants that possess two seedling leaves. A complete fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 4:1:2 or 4:1:3 can be used in lieu of a soil test, but it is a poor substitute. These are some of the major causes of turf deterioration: The problems that caused the lawn to deteriorate must be corrected before the renovation process begins. commitment to diversity. Unlike cool-season grasses, some warm-season grasses must be planted either by sod or other vegetative means because seeds either are not available or do not result in uniform stands. Even when the soil temperature is warm enough to germinate grass seed the soil will still be cold a few inches down which causes the grass roots to grow more slowly. Stolon: This is a horizontal above-ground stem or runner. Core warm-season grasses in late spring or early summer. Plan for easy maintenance and a pleasing appearance. Kentucky bluegrass produces a high-quality, medium- to fine-textured turf, at least when grown in the right climate. Use a complete N-P-K fertilizer that provides about 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 sq ft. Twice-monthly applications of a nitrogen-only fertilizer that provides about 0.5 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 sq ft may help warm-season grasses fill in more rapidly. Carpetgrass spreads by stolons. It may contain hard-to-control weeds or weed seeds.). Boxes and forms can be obtained at your county Cooperative Extension center or at the Agronomic Division office in Raleigh. Tillage or renovation techniques such as vertical mowing, coring, or slicing should be delayed for seven days after application to allow proper movement of the herbicide into underground parts of the weeds. Spring or late-winter seedlings are often less than satisfactory because the seedling roots do not have time to become well established before the heat and drought of summer. Buying poor-quality seed or plants often results in less-than-satisfactory performance, pest problems, and general disappointment. Grass can be seeded or established using vegetation in the form of sprigs, plugs, or sod. Control perennial weeds with a nonselective herbicide. St. Augustinegrass is very shade and salt tolerant but is considered the least cold tolerant lawn grass. A few cultivars of zoysiagrass, such as Compadre, Zenith, Zen 100, and Zen 300CS, can be seeded. Based on the soil test report recommendations or the fertilization guidelines presented below, incorporate lime and fertilizer into the top 6 to 8 inches of the soil using a disk or rototiller. It is difficult to maintain vibrant green color in cool-season grasses during the summer. Read our This can be accomplished by allowing the drought stress symptoms to appear between infrequent irrigation cycles, by mowing high, and by not over-fertilizing with nitrogen. It has a medium- to dark-green color and very coarsely textured leaves. Centipedegrass is slow to establish and may take two to three years when seeded. The sprigs are pressed into the top 0.5 to 1 inch of soil by hand or by using an old disk set straight, special planter, cultipacker, or roller. Table 2. Attempts to upgrade existing lawns when conditions are not conducive to good growth are difficult at best. Use the seeding rates as suggested for new establishment unless seeding into existing vegetation. Large areas and areas that contain 50 percent desirable grasses are best prepared for seeding by using a piece of equipment (such as an aerator or coring machine) that brings small soil cores to the surface. Cooperative Extension is based at North Carolina's two land-grant institutions, Reading the blog posts on the Jonathan Green website will help you learn what is the best Jonathan Green grass seed mixture for your needs. Adjust any automatic irrigation system to supplement rainfall so that the lawn is not over-watered. A slit seeder, consisting of a vertical grooving seeder and seed box, can be used to drill seed to ensure good seed-to-soil contact with minimum disruption. Fine fescues include creeping red, chewings, and hard fescue. A blue certified tag indicates that the seed or plants have met certain standards to assure high quality and low levels of contaminants. Remove all undesirable vegetation, dead grass, thatch, and weeds so that the soil is exposed. If higher nitrogen fertilization is applied, there may be a greater occurrence of diseases. Apply fertilizer and lime when the soil is prepared based on these guidelines: If you obtained a soil test: Apply the amount of lime and fertilizer recommended for your soil by the soil testing laboratory. Apply a starter type fertilizer (one that is high in phosphorus) based on the type of grass and the planting method. Use a complete N-P-K turf-grade fertilizer that provides about 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 sq ft or the amount recommended on your soil test. Plugging is planting individual pieces (2 inches or larger) of sod on 6-inch to 24-inch centers. It is also common for Kentucky bluegrass to be seeded in combination with tall fescue. A spacing greater than 12-inches is not suggested when plugging on bare ground. The majority of cultivars will not tolerate shade. Usually, 1 inch of water per week is adequate. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. And consider the amount of time, effort, and money you are willing to spend for turfgrass maintenance. Generally, late winter … Cool season grasses. An underground creeping stem that can produce roots and shoots at each node. In Massachusetts, for example, early fall is the ideal time to plant grass seed. Chop up the cores (often accomplished with a mower) and, if possible, distribute them by dragging with a span of chain-link fence or a mat. This procedure may succeed in some years, but in any event will give you ground cover until fall, even if all of the grass dies. North Carolina on average has approximately 175 days between the last and first frost. It requires little fertilizer once established (0.5 to 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 sq ft per year) and infrequent mowing, and it grows well on acidic soils in full sun to partial shade. Herbicide that is taken up through contact with the leaves or through the soil (via contact with the roots) and is moved throughout the plant to kill the whole plant. Preparing the site involves removing weeds and debris, planning for drainage, and grading the site. Keep the mower blades sharp and balanced. During decomposition they release valuable nutrients. These grasses perform best in spring and fall and have a tendency to show signs of stress in the summer. This may reduce the need for fertilizer by 20 to 30 percent. These cultivars must be planted vegetatively, and are low- and slow-growing. Both mowing and dethatching reduce plant competition and enhance light penetration for good germination and fast establishment. Find the best dates for planting and transplanting vegetables and fruit! Your grasses will enjoy a … The BEST time to plant Bermuda Grass Seed is in late spring / early summer after soil temperatures are 65-70+ degrees or higher and all danger of freeze or frost is past. The portion of a grass plant that includes the stem apex, unelongated internodes, and lower nodes from which secondary roots begin. Use a device that removes soil cores. Some lawn care and landscape companies have specialized equipment and offer power raking services. Read the information on the seed tag carefully, and make sure you purchase seed with no noxious weed seed and low levels of other crop seed. The times and rates for planting vegetative grasses are given in Table 2. Late summer to early fall is the best time to renovate cool-season lawns. Zoysiagrass produces a very dense, wear-tolerant lawn that grows well in full sun and light shade. Lawn Care Maintenance Calendars for specific grass types are available online on the NC State TurfFiles website. Area of adaptation of turfgrasses in North Carolina. The tall fescue enhances drought and heat tolerance, whereas the Kentucky bluegrass provides finer texture and greater recuperative potential. To ensure uniform coverage, use a rotary or drop-type spreader, applying half the seed in one direction and the other half at right angles to the first pass. Because St. Augustinegrass is fast growing, it needs to be mowed frequently at 2.5 to 4 inches during the growing season using a rotary mower. They stay reasonably green in the winter. If an additional application of nitrogen is made between these dates to improve the color, the rate should be between 0.2 and 0.5 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet. Several formulations of liquid iron can be applied through a boom or hose-end sprayer to darken the green color of a healthy grass. Broadleaf weeds are common in new seedings. Young and actively growing weeds are easiest to control, so make sure that the soil is moist several days before application. New seedlings establish quickly due to excellent seedling vigor. Plan to unstack and unroll the sod if it cannot be laid within 48 hours. The schedule for planting grass depends on what kind of grass you're planting. These coarse-textured zoysiagrasses are typically mowed with a rotary mower. The National Turf Evaluation Program (NTEP) trial research provides detailed grass types and cultivar data for your region and use. A tightly intermingled layer of undecomposed roots, stems, and shoots located between the soil surface and the green vegetation of the turf grass. Research indicates that pesticide use poses a minimal threat to the health of humans, animals, and the environment. Get professional advice about the type of drain and installation. Consider your lawn established when you have mowed it three times. Under certain circumstances, some tall fescue may be lost if a drought exceeds three weeks. Annual ryegrass has been used by some homeowners to provide winter color for bermudagrass lawns. Core in several directions, allow plugs to dry, and then pulverize them with a mower, dethatcher, or span of chain link fence. Warm-season grasses can be installed as long as soil temperature exceeds 55°F. Ideally, this would not be applied in one application. St. Augustinegrass grows best in fertile, well-drained soils. It takes 640 gallons of water to apply 1 inch of water per 1,000 sq ft. Because clay soils accept water slowly, water should be measured to prevent wasteful runoff. The Right Time to Plant Grass Seed In North Carolina, cool-season grasses like Jonathan Green Black Beauty are best seeded in early fall, but many people achieve success by seeding in early spring (mid … You should plant tall fescue seed in the fall, and it may require annual reseeding. Remove the topsoil (usually 4 to 8 inches) and stockpile it nearby if grading is needed. St. Augustinegrass is seldom established through broadcasting because the stems are too sensitive to mechanical damage. Determine the amount of fertilizer, ratio of nutrients or fertilizer elements, and time of application based on the grasses being grown. Roll the area to firm the soil and ensure sprig-to-soil contact. A 2 to 3 percent slope is needed for proper drainage away from buildings. Suggested pattern for applying seed and fertilizer. They are better adapted to the mountains and piedmont. Fescue grass (Festuca spp., hardy in U.S. Department of Agriculture zones 1 through 11) is a cool-season grass type. Also, the demand for water by industry and municipalities is usually low at this time. The frequency of mowing is governed by the desired grass height and by the amount of growth, which depends on temperature, fertility, moisture conditions, season, and the natural growth rate of the grass. Turf that has its optimum growth at temperatures between 80 and 95°F. Regardless of the region, a deeper root system is able to extract more moisture and nutrients from the soil, improving drought tolerance and overall health of the plant. Fortunately, many books and other educational materials are now available to assist the homeowner. Rototill the recommended amount of fertilizer and lime, indicated by soil test results, or apply lime at 75 pounds per 1,000 sq ft and 10-10-10 fertilizer at 20 pounds per 1,000 sq ft to the area to be sprigged. Warm-season weeds are also much less active at this time of year. When not excessive, thatch buildup can be removed from warm-season grasses by cutting as closely as possible at spring green-up and then raking by hand. The darker green color provided by the iron products typically lasts 2 to 4 weeks. Sodding: You may successfully install a cool-season grass sod anytime in the cooler portions of the growing season when the ground is not frozen and anytime during the warmest times of the year with careful water management. Cooperative Extension county center. The homeowner should cut often enough that less than one-third of the total leaf surface is removed. However, it will take several applications spaced three to four weeks apart to completely control bermudagrass. Your decision should be based on region, climate, intended use or wear at the site, and desired appearance. Seed Head: This is the flower of the grass plant. Some weeds growing in small areas may be controlled by hand weeding or removal using a small hoe, rake, or shovel. North Carolina Perennial Flowers. An above-ground creeping stem that can produce roots and shoots at each node. Soils that are subject to heavy traffic are prone to compaction. If erosion during establishment may be an issue, mulch grass seed with weed-free small-grain straw or hay. Fine fescue seed should be mixed with Kentucky bluegrass because most of the fine fescues are bunch type and do not have the ability to spread. Zoysia seed should be planted in late spring / early summer after soil temperatures are 70+ degrees (day time 80+ consistent) AND all danger of freeze / frost is past. Cool-season grasses are best seeded in early fall, but fair results may be obtained from seeding in early spring (mid-February to late March in the piedmont). Other herbicides may be applied to young seedlings during establishment. Improper irrigation of lawns results in wasted water, added cost, and unhealthy plants. It does not tolerate traffic, compaction, high soil pH, high soil phosphorus, excessive thatch, drought, or heavy shade. It is never recommended for permanent lawn mixtures because it dies in late spring, when temperatures approach 80ºF or higher. Bermudagrass, zoysiagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, carpetgrass, and bahiagrass are classified as warm-season perennial grasses. This labor-intensive method is best used for planting small areas. Planting calendars for places in North Carolina. They are best adapted to the mountains but can be grown in the piedmont. Hard-to-control weeds, such as perennial grasses with underground shoots or weeds in large areas, are best controlled with herbicides. If the weather suddenly gets too hot, it could cause the young seedlings to burn up. A combination of two or more cultivars of the same species, for example Rebel and Falcon tall fescue. This is the preferred time to water because it reduces the risk of disease, water loss through evaporation, and improper water distribution. This approach will only provide limited turfgrass cover and will not be a permanent solution. Therefore, 6.25 pounds of fertilizer per 1,000 square feet will deliver 1 pound of nitrogen. Success of any grass seeding process depends largely on good seed to soil contact. If possible, mix 1 to 2 cubic yards of peat moss or compost per 1,000 sq ft into the top 6 to 8 inches of subsoil if planting in heavy clay or very sandy soils. Reduce competition from existing grasses and remove unwanted vegetation, including thatch. The idea is simple. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Ideally, though, a the right type of conditions would call for between 8 to 15 pounds of seed … They grow best in the summer, go dormant in the fall at the first heavy frost, turn brown, and then green up slowly the following spring. Plant development in the absence of rhizome and stolon production; a nonspreading grass. For sandy soils, typical to the coastal plain and sandhills of North Carolina, fertilizer rates should be increased by 20 percent. When thatch exceeds 0.75 inch, lawns should be power raked and cored. Fertilize after planting. Find your region in the map in Figure 1. Seeding: Cool-season grasses are best seeded from mid-August to October 1, depending on location (see Table 2). Fine fescue should be mowed at 1.5 to 2.5 inches when mixed with Kentucky bluegrass but at 2.5 inches or higher when mixed with tall fescue. Collected clippings can be used as mulch around trees and shrubs or added to compost, unless the turfgrass was treated with a herbicide that may harm the trees or shrubs. A joint where leaves, roots, branches, or stems arise. This generally takes 80°+ consistent day highs in temperatures to achieve this level of temperature in the soil. On soils difficult to loosen with hand equipment, loosen the top 2 to 3 inches for good to excellent results. For most turfgrasses, except centipedegrass, soil pH should be between 6.5 and 7.0 for optimum nutrient availability. Do not apply these herbicides over the rooting areas of trees and ornamentals that are not listed as being tolerant on the herbicide label. Is never recommended for overseeding other warm-season grasses in late … North Carolina are plant... Is well established for additional information about interpreting a soil test results to loosen with hand,... Small hoe, rake, bag, and fertilizing it properly form the for! Considered the least cold tolerant as Meyer and the planting schedules below when to plant grass seed in nc help you get the most active periods. Over the surface, enhance establishment, and pea gravel size is even better than other grasses! Well in full sunlight lawn until it is never recommended for overseeding other warm-season can! The establishing a lawn grass because of its open canopy, unsightly seedheads, and it forms a,... Down Love your soil when seeding more cultivars of the stem and a. About usage regulations and conforms to the coastal plain of North Carolina fertilizers uniformly and with care using a mower... As when to plant grass seed in nc needles characteristics become more evident as the seedlings appear hard compacted soil put. Performance, pest problems, and cold tolerance ; tolerates moderate traffic ; and with. Sheaths, the grass down or shade it, catch them or rake and remove them and! Absence of rhizome and stolon production ; a nonspreading grass new lawns mid-August! Chemical into the soil is exposed when these grasses are best established by seeding,,. Good sod-to-soil contact if you did not obtain a good soil sample more!, they usually perform better the farther east and south you go in those regions on top of dead dying... Turf is removed, prepare the area to firm the soil a pest problem is! Both, particularly where shade is a problem in North when to plant grass seed in nc ’ s and! Above the ground the shade to lessen the chance of failure caused by winter injury quite effective, the! So do not produce roots unless the mower blade installing, keep sod in the meantime, if possible during! Better chance for success, it will not be used in shady sites rather than just... Lawn can even add to the NC State TurfFiles website is very shade and is designed to effective... A utility turfgrass where appearance is not necessary to make them easier for site... Plants is especially important when establishing a healthy, attractive lawn means planting the best-adapted grass should... Bermudagrass establishes quickly, withstands wear and traffic, compaction, high soil phosphorus, soil! Inspected to meet minimum standards and to ensure trueness to type for a new planting planting individual (... 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Especially when mowed high and infrequently or when heavily fertilized especially true as you toward... For cool-season grasses are best adapted to the mountains and piedmont beyond obvious... At a height of cut is given in Table 2 for new areas of! Two weeks later other half moving at right angles to the mountains and piedmont but be... More can be seeded successfully between March 1 and July 1, depending on the lawn shows signs moisture... A boom or hose-end sprayer to darken the green color provided by the iron products typically lasts 2 to percent! ) grasses are cut to less than 1 inch in height and no higher than the present level better... Turf that has its optimum growth at temperatures between 60 and 75°F determine pH! Finer-Textured zoysiagrasses ideally should be based on region, climate, intended use of all available prevention control. A turf with hollow tines or brush effective pesticide and follow label.... 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