dogwood invasive species

Their loss could hasten soil acidification, reduce nutrient availability, and influence numerous ecological relationships (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). Dogwood anthracnose has been reported on over 12 million acres in 180 counties (Anderson et al. Flowering Cornus (dogwood) trees are grown for their showy coloured bracts in late spring and early summer. Buddleia davidii is not the only shrub that has turned out to be invasive. It grows up to a height of 4 to 15 feet, and its subgenera are Swida. 1992. Cornus florida, the flowering dogwood, is a species of flowering tree in the family Cornaceae native to eastern North America and northern Mexico.An endemic population once spanned from southernmost coastal Maine south to northern Florida and west to the Mississippi River. 2001. Engaging and empowering the public to help find, map, and prevent invasive species in America's wilderness areas, wild rivers, and other natural areas. In 1983, the fungus associated with the anthracnose on C. nuttallii was identified as a species of Discula, and flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida) and Japanese dogwood ( Cornus kousa) were noted as minor hosts (Salogga and Ammirati 1983), but C. Florida is now known as a major host that is impacted by this disease. In 1983, the fungus associated with the anthracnose on C. nuttallii was identified as a species of Discula, and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and Japanese dogwood (Cornus kousa) were noted as minor hosts (Salogga and Ammirati 1983), but C. Florida is now known as a major host that is impacted by this disease. USDA Forest Service—Southern Region Forest Pest Management, Asheville, North Carolina. Purple-rimmed lesions (Parham and Windham 1992) or shot holes predominate on leaves exposed to sunlight, while necrotic blotches predominate on shaded leaves (Parham and Windham 1992). The flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) is the species most people think of when the word dogwood is mentioned.Although it is considered one of the favorite trees in the south, there are two other species, kousa dogwood (Cornus kousa) and Cornelian cherry dogwood (Cornus mas), which will grow in all areas of South Carolina except along the coast from Charleston to Savannah, Ga. Amylostereum complex. Center for Integrated Plant Systems. Michigan State University. Daughtrey, M.L. 76:915-918. Influence of site factors on dogwood anthracnose in the Nantahala Mountain range of western North Carolina. and C.R. Fungal disease of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) trees (Daughtrey et al. During that period, the number of plots with severe epidemics (more than 25 percent of foliage blighted) increased by 638 percent. University of Kentucky. Britton, K.O. Discula sp. Ammirati. Stems show similar symptoms as seen in Figure 5 with a canker at the base of an epicormic branch and Figure 6 showing conidia (spores) exuded from a dead twig infected with Discula destructiva. 1980. Trigiano, and M.T. 1993. 8 p. Windham, M.T., M.E. February 24: 34-37. Phytophthora alni. At elevations between 2,000 to 3,000 feet, dogwoods in the shade are affected. Leaf buds are black and look like bristles, forming on short stalks. Southern Region. Ophiostoma ulmi. (ed.). Phytopathology. Anthracnose infection of dogwood seedlings exposed to natural inoculum in western North Carolina. Dogwood fruits, rich in fat and protein, are a preferred food for turkeys, bobwhite quail, squirrels, rabbits, and deer, as well as numerous non-game species of birds. Apply the mulch of your choice such as bark chips 3 to 4 inches deep over roots to hold in moisture. An organization’s internal relationships and balance affect how the organization relates to its clients and the external environment. Spring flowering of forest dogwoods enhances the aesthetic quality of forest landscapes and is important for tourism. Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County. Hibben, C.R., and M.L. 3(2):20-21. 1992, Hoffard et al. 1995). 1). 1983. The https:// means all transmitted data is encrypted — in other words, any information or browsing history that you provide is transmitted securely. Washington, DC: USDA Forest Service. At Dogwood we believe that everything is connected. associated with anthracnose of dogwood in the Pacific Northwest. It produces an abundant display of yellowish-green flowers in spring and pinkish-red berries in summer. Dogwood anthracnose and its spread in the South. Dogwood Tree Types. Lantana . Of the 17 species of dogwood native to North America, the four most common garden types are native flowering dogwoods, Pacific dogwood, Cornelian cherry dogwood and kousa dogwoods. Chellemi, D.O., K.O. Figures 5-6. Environmental factors influence dogwood’s susceptibility to the disease. Latin Name Common Name . Seattle Public Utilities (Washington). The dogwoods are distinguished from other flowering shrubs by the clusters of small, 4-petaled white flowers and opposite (except for 1 species) leaves that are toothless and have prominent, arching, lateral veins. Cooperative Extension. 1988. Researchers also speculate that climatic changes and droughts may have predisposed trees to infection, thus causing coincidental outbreaks in the Northeast and the Pacific Northwest (Anderson et al. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Anthracnose was monitored on permanent plots in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park (GSMNP) from 1988-1991 (Windham et al. 80:349-357. 1994, SAMAB 1996). Swank. Parasitic fungus affects region’s dogwood. Leaves are dark green with bright yellow flowers. Shrubby Cornus alba , C. sericea and C. sanguinea are grown for their vivid winter stem colour, while shrubby C.mas (the cornelian cherry) is grown for its winter flowers and summer fruits. Oregon State University. Select the non-indigenous forest pest to view maps depicting state and county distribution. Invasive Species. The various species of dogwood are native throughout much of temperate and boreal Eurasia and North America, with China, Japan, and the southeastern United States being particularly rich in native species. p. 31–35. The section below contains highly relevant resources for this species, organized by source. Britton et al. Discula destructiva sp. Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. The bark is grey and smooth with shallow ridges which develop with age, and its twigs are smooth, straight and slim. Caetano-Anolles, G., R.N. Dogwood is a small broadleaf shrub, typically found growing along woodland edges and in hedgerows of southern England. Figure 1. Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry. Daughtrey, M.L., C.R. Canadian Forest Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Visually appealing and magnets for wildlife, these plants are bound to please both the gardener and naturalist in you. Unfortunately, much of the lake is occupied by the two invasive species: Brazilian waterweed and parrotfeather. – roughleaf dogwood Subordinate Taxa. Hibben, K.O. 1996). 77:34-36. The .gov means it’s official. Hibben. 1993, Daughtrey and Hibben 1983). 1995. Overall, vigorous trees tend to be less damaged than weak trees. Agrilus planipennis. FS. Beyond this aesthetic loss, the absence of native dogwoods and their fruits is probably detrimental to wildlife. In: J. L. Knighten and R. L. Anderson (eds.). Bugwood Wiki was created to be a resource for those needing information on Integrated Pest Management, Invasive Species and … The crimson colour of its leaves in autumn, and its strikingly red twigs, make it a popular ornamental plant, so it is frequently planted in parks and gardens. Find Free Themes and plugins. Introduced, Invasive, and Noxious Plants : Threatened & Endangered: Wetland Indicator Status : 50,000+ Plant Images ... Cornus L. – dogwood Species: Cornus drummondii C.A. 1994). 1994. Byther, R.S. The New York Times. Mature trees can grow to 10m. Distribution of dogwood anthracnose in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park and effects of proximity to water to plots and plot aspects on disease severity. University of Arkansas. USDA Forest Service. Patterns of evolution in Discula fungi and the origin of dogwood anthracnose in North America, studied using arbitrarily amplified and ribosomal DNA. Plant Disease. Mycologia 83(5):633-642. Cornus florida (Flowering Dogwood) Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) is a small, low-branched tree with spreading horizontal branches. 1996), Fungal disease of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii) trees (Daughtrey et al. University of Georgia. 1996). Want create site? Clusters of glossy red fruit in fall persist into winter and are relished by birds. Species include the common dogwood Cornus sanguinea of Eurasia, the widely cultivated flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) of eastern North America, the Pacific dogwood Cornus nuttallii of western … A species profile for Dogwood Anthracnose. Anthracnose infection of dogwood seedlings exposed to natural inoculum in western North Carolina. Trees that survive one or more seasons of severe anthracnose usually have swollen areas on trunks and branches where cankers were enveloped by new tissue (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). Windham. Windham. University of New Hampshire. 4). Invasive species is the bane of parks across the city, said Chris Frelke, the city’s director of Parks, Recreation and Community Facilities. This work is supported by New Technologies for Agriculture Extension grant no. that cause anthracnose of ash, oak, and sycamore, Redlin (1991) described and named the pathogen Discula destructiva Redlin in 1991 (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994, Daughtrey et al. Adapted for eXtension.org by Thomas DeGomez, University of Arizona. Figures 2-4. Anthracnose causes serious damage to two species of dogwood in natural habitats: eastern flowering dogwood (C. florida) and Pacific dogwood (C. nuttallii). Dogwood is a small shrub, widespread along the woodland edges and hedgerows of southern England. Maps can be downloaded and shared. Landscape, Nursery, and Urban Forestry Program. Dogwood anthracnose in northeastern United States. dikti / Getty Images Latin Name: Various species of Lantana can be invasive. Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. There is only one genus of dogwood in Canada — Cornus — but its species come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Blighting commonly occurs throughout the canopy of understory C. florida, or within the interior canopy or on epicormic branches of exposed trees. Plant Disease. Leaf symptoms on C. florida generally occur within four weeks after flowering (Britton 1993, Hibben and Daughtrey 1988). 365 (Abstr.). Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Cornell University. These were also the species on which the responsible agent for the disease was discovered in 2003 in a nursery in Lombardy, Italy, and in a private garden in Germany. Daughtrey, M.L., and C.R. Or, to display all related content view all resources for Dogwood Anthracnose. Salogga, D.S., and J.F. Dogwood Lake is a 3.5-acre waterbody in Trumbull, Connecticut. Nov., Cause of Dogwood Anthracnose. Parham, J.M. Anderson, R.L., J.L. Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. 2015-41595-24254 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Emerald Ash Borer. 1994). Cooperative Extension Service. Ornamentals Northwest Newsletter. Northern Swamp Dogwood. 1996. USDA. ... Bill was responsible for our invasive species strategy and deployment while I was at The Nature Conservancy. Davidson, Jr. 1979. The Plants Database includes the following 29 species of Cornus .Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Bugwood Wiki. Discula destructiva sp. Red-osier dogwood is by far our most common native dogwood. Cooperative Extension Service. Drought and winter injury appear to increase susceptibility (Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). Both Flint Hills National Wildlife Refuge's wetlands and uplands have been impacted by invasive plant species. Images of dogwood anthracnose infections. Dogwood - A Plant for all Seasons No matter where you live in Canada, chances are there is a dogwood for you. In general, damage is most severe at elevations above 3,000 feet, where forest and ornamental dogwoods may be eliminated. Daughtrey. Understory forest dogwoods are more prone to infection than trees growing in full sunlight. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Regional Dogwood Workshop. Annual Review of Photopathology. This varied group of plants give great garden value. Mey. 72:199-203. 1993. 1992. Brown. Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health. Defoliation of affected dogwoods is common in the Southern Appalachians (Britton 1993, Daughtrey and Hibben 1994). is dogwood invasive. 32:61-73. Finding the disease distinct from other Discula spp. Found 59 Resources Page 1 of 1. Control and eradication, a primary management goal, is an ongoing challenge. and M.T. Some, like sericea lespedeza, honeylocust, johnson grass, sumac, dogwood, and eastern red ceder, are present in some areas in large, monotypic stands. 2 and 3), (2) shot holes, (3) necrotic blotches at the leaf tip or along the blade periphery, or (4) blight of the entire blade (Hibben and Daughtrey 1988) (Fig. nov., cause of dogwood anthracnose. Dogwood anthracnose: A new disease threatens two native Cornus species. Daughtrey, J.L., C.R. 1994). Britton, M.T. Dogwood anthracnose. C. kousa also is considered a host, but leaf infection is generally minimal (Daughtrey et al. Dogwood leaves also have a high calcium content and decompose rapidly. 1996) Dogwood Anthracnose | National Invasive Species Information Center It was first observed in 1976 affecting a population of Cornus nuttallii in Washington state (Byther and Davidson 1979). This species is less prone to becoming invasive than most species on this list. Plant Disease. As of 1999, anthracnose had killed 49.7 percent of the native dogwood trees in 24 western counties of North Carolina (USFS 2001). It grows to about 20 feet high with an 18-foot spread. 1996). References Cited National strategy for special forest products. Invasive plants, animals and pests are taking a toll on Wisconsin's lakes, rivers and landscapes. 1983. Table 1 identifies a selection of alternative plants, trees and shrubs (categories A to M) that can be used in place of invasive species. Britton, M.T. Alder Dieback. Below 3,000 feet, damage is most severe on moist, cool sites such as northeast-facing slopes (Chellemi et al. Amylostereum complex ... Dogwood Anthracnose Disease. Lower branch dieback, a new disease of northern dogwoods. p. 42. National Invasive Species Information Center, Alien Forest Pest Explorer (AFPE): Alien Pest Range Maps, Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS) - Dogwood Anthracnose, Gallery of Pests - Dogwood Anthracnose Disease, Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States - Dogwood Anthracnose, Plantwise Technical Factsheet - Anthracnose of Dogwood (, Dogwood Anthracnose and its Spread in the South (PDF | 483 KB), How to Identify and Control Dogwood Anthracnose, Forest Invasive Alien Species - Dogwood Anthracnose, Dogwood Anthracnose - Integrated Pest Management Solutions for the Landscaping Professional (PDF | 100 KB), Fact Sheet: Dogwood Anthracnose (PDF | 245 KB), Ground Covers, Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Ornamentals Fact Sheets, Dogwood Anthracnose - Plant Pathology Fact Sheet (Nov 2005) (PDF | 205 KB), Diagnostic Facts: Dogwood Anthracnose (Mar 2002) (PDF | 746 KB), Anthracnose Diseases of Dogwood (PDF | 313 KB), Anthracnose of Flowering Dogwood (PDF | 424 KB), Discula "Dogwood" Anthracnose - Pest Fact Sheet 39, Fact Sheets - Diseases: Dogwood Anthracnose, Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook - Dogwood (, Patterns of evolution in Discula fungi and the origin of dogwood anthracnose in North America, studied using arbitrarily amplified and ribosomal DNA, Dogwood anthracnose: understanding a disease new to North America. Dogwood anthracnose is a relatively new disease to North America. Disease severity in the South seems to be more intense at higher elevations. In native habitats such as sedge meadows and fens in North America, C. sericea colonizes far from clones of shrub by seed, but also advances via spreading (B Middleton, National Wetlands Research Center, Louisiana, USA, … Green Gardening Program. Dutch Elm Disease. Windham, and S.C. Redlin. Through educational outreach, strategic planning and active management we are … Like the Kousa, Cornelian Dogwoods form a canopy as they grow, making them great for shading and decoration, especially in the garden. 77: 34-37. Pirone, P.P. It is listed as a black listed invasive species in Switzerland (EPPO, 2009b). Provides state, county, point and GIS data. Infection of dogwoods is most likely to occur during cool, wet weather in spring and fall but can also occur at any time during the growing season. Hibben. Plant Disease 80(4):349-358. University of Massachusetts Extension. Current Genetics 39(5-6):346-354. Other names for this tree include Gray dogwood and panicled dogwood. 1996). Leaf spots vary according to light exposure. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. Hoffard, W.H., D.H. Marx, and H.D. Extension Service. Invasive Listing Sources: Website developed by The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health and the National Park Service in cooperation with the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England , Invasive Plant Control, Inc. , USDA Forest Service , The health of southern forests. Stem dieback from dogwood anthracnose (, Terrestrial (land-dwelling) invasive species, Aquatic (Water-Dwelling) Invasive Species, Public Outreach and Education Materials (Invasive species), Climate Change Impacts on Forest Diseases. Although the origin of dogwood anthracnose is unknown, the results of DNA analysis combined with its rapid spread have led many to conclude it was introduced (Daughtrey et al. Produced by: USDA, FS, Forest Health Protection, and its partners. Distinctive white flowers, 3″ in diameter, bloom mid-April to mid-May. Montgomery, and K. Langdon. 1290. The DNR is working with citizens and partners to slow the spread of invasive species. By 1995, the disease had been confirmed in northern Georgia (1987), western North Carolina (1988), and as far south as northern Alabama. Table 2 identifies those invasive species commonly used in gardens or landscaping, the corresponding alternative plant category, as well as some additional alternatives. U.S. Forest Service Protection Report R8-PR 23. Discula destructiva is a fungus that has caused serious losses to North American native flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) and other native and introduced species (C. nuttallii and C. kousa, respectively) of dogwood found in the natural environment and in ornamental plantings. Effects of tree placement on dogwood anthracnose severity and lesion growth rates in urban landscapes and wooded areas. Windham, and S.C. Redlin. Top of page The North American species Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) and C. nuttallii (Pacific dogwood) are particularly susceptible. The species reproduces vegetatively by rooting along nodes and the lower stems ( EPPO, 2009b ). Erythrina Gall Wasp. Plant Disease. Also known as Chinese dogwood, Korean dogwood, or Japanese dogwood, the Kousa dogwood is a small deciduous tree or multi-stemmed shrub. It is native to Eastern North America and is hardy in USDA zones 4 to 8. Symptoms include: (1) necrotic lesions surrounded by a reddish or brown-purple zone (some with chlorotic halo) (Fig. Plant Disease. 1992. Images of dogwood anthracnose symptoms. Hibben, K.O. Forest Service Protection Report 26, p. 19. Britton, and W.T. Results of the 1991 dogwood anthracnose impact assessment and pilot test in the southeastern United States. Regeneration can be eliminated in some areas. ... 12 Species of Dogwood Trees and Shrubs 7 Species of Daisies for Your Flower Garden 18 Species of Holly Plants The latter two are introduced species that have earned a place in American gardens because they are more disease resistant than native species. This species is invasive, but is considered a wetland plant, so it is not counted as invasive in our survey. Fall color is purplish to red. Redlin, S.C. 1991. Horticulture Diagnostic Laboratory. Cornus kousa, C. alternifolia and C. amomum are reported as relatively resistant (Sherald et al., 1994). The decline of dogwood populations resulting from dogwood anthracnose has several serious impacts in the Southern Appalachians. Two years later, Pirone (1980) noticed a widespread and rapid deterioration of flowering dogwoods in New York and Connecticut (Fig. 1992). Knighten, M. Windham, K. Langdon, F. Hendrix, R. and Roncadori. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure you’re on a .gov or .mil site by inspecting your browser’s address (or “location”) bar. In the GSMNP, it is estimated that more than 90 percent of the dogwoods have died in heavily shaded cove and alluvial forests. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia. For this reason, ornamentals grown in open, sunny sites are often disfigured without being killed. This site is also protected by an SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate that’s been signed by the U.S. government. This specimen is also hearty, in that it perseveres transplantation and responds rather well to pruning. Dogwood trees are dependent on surface moisture because root networks don't penetrate to water reserves that may lie deeper beneath the slightly acidic well-draining soil they prefer. Plant Disease. Dogwood anthracnose affects leaves, bracts, current-year shoots, localized areas of bark and cambium of the trunk or branches, fruits, and seeds of C. florida (Britton et al. 2001. Dogwood; Hebes; Lavender (good for butterflies) Mahonia; Currants (Rubus) Thyme; Viburnums; Are there any other shrubs I should avoid? The disease kills dogwoods of all sizes, but it is most severe on young seedlings. Redlin, S.C. 1991. Secondary cycles of leaf infection during rainy periods increase the impact of anthracnose on dogwoods (Britton 1993, Hibben and Daughtrey 1988). and R.M. Disease severity within infected areas also has increased rapidly. Website developed by The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health and the National Park Service in cooperation with the Invasive Plant Atlas of New England, Invasive Plant Control, Inc., USDA Forest Service, 1994. In early autumn, it … Mycologia. In: Stipes, R.J. Discula destructiva Redlin (1991) (Redlin 1991), First detected in the late 1970s (Daughtrey et al. At elevations below 2,000 feet, only dogwoods in cool, wet areas are dying (Anderson et al. 1996. In the Southern Appalachians, mortality is most likely at elevations above 3,000 feet. In the eastern United States, the disease has spread rapidly down the Appalachians, primarily on Cornus florida, the eastern flowering dogwood. This species is known as Cornus racemose. The .gov means it’s official.Federal government websites always use a .gov or .mil domain. Natural Resources Canada. Discula destructiva. 83:633-642. This plant has no children Legal Status. 16 of 20. Large C. florida often die two to three years after the first symptoms are found in the leaves (Anderson et al. County, point and GIS data in discula fungi and the origin of dogwood populations resulting from anthracnose! Noticed a widespread and rapid deterioration of flowering dogwood is important for tourism genus dogwood... The absence of native dogwoods and their fruits is probably detrimental to.. Pacific dogwood ( Cornus florida ) and Pacific dogwood ( Cornus nuttallii in Washington state ( Byther and 1979. As bark chips 3 to 4 inches deep over roots to hold moisture! Not the only shrub that has turned out to be a resource for those needing information Integrated! Forest Pest to view maps depicting state and county distribution Management, invasive:. Region forest Pest Management, invasive species strategy and deployment while I was at the Nature Conservancy of shapes sizes!: J. L. knighten and R. L. Anderson ( eds. ) dogwood seedlings exposed to inoculum... 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