decreasing runoff losses for water conservation

Phosphorus loss via surface runoff and erosion may be reduced by conservation tillage and crop residue management, buffer strips, riparian zones, terracing, contour tillage, cover crops, and impoundments (e.g., settling basins). This study focused on the effects of several typical soil and water conservation practices and agricultural land, for the purpose of: (1) determining how these practices prevent erosion and nutrient loss and identifying the hydrodynamic mechanisms; and (2) determining the application conditions for different practices. This implies that integrating physical soil and water conservation practices with agro-nomic soil and water conservation practices are essential to increase both provisioning and regulating ecosystem ser-vices. Han, Yuguo; Feng, Gary; Ouyang, Ying. Management practices that reduce this runoff will improve precipitation use efficiency. The potential to capture as much as three inches of precipitation through improved management practices will translate into greater crop yield and higher profitability. Results show significant effects of IM against control on crop yields, soil loss, surface runoff and moisture retention. The effects of various soil and water conservation techniques (SWCT) on runoff and soil loss in Europe have been extensively studied over the last 60 years. Soil and water conservation are interrelated; methods that control and conserve water on hillsides also conserve the soil and control erosion. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, https://www.fs.fed.us/research/people/youyang, A century of precipitation trends in forest lands of the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, Application of Climate Assessment Tool (CAT) to estimate climate variability impacts on nutrient loading from local watersheds, Pond and Irrigation Model (PIM): a tool for simultaneously evaluating pond water availability and crop irrigation demand, Estimating impacts of land use on groundwater quality using trilinear analysis, Real-time estimation of TP load in a Mississippi Delta Stream using a dynamic data driven application system, Impacts of reforestation upon sediment load and water outflow in the Lower Yazoo River Watershed, Mississippi, A Potential Approach for Low Flow Selection in Water Resource Supply and Management, Assessment of surface water quality in the Big Sunflower River Watershed of Mississippi Delta using nonparametric analysis, Identify temporal trend of air temperature and its impact on forest stream flow in Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley using wavelet analysis, A simple approach to estimate daily loads of total, refractory, and labile organic carbon from their seasonal loads in a watershed, The Laws of Diminishing Yields in the Tropics, A wood-strand material for wind erosion control: effects on total sediment loss, PM, The Middle Sacramento River: Human Impacts on Physical and Ecological Processes Along a Meandering River, Strategic Planning, Budget And Accountability, Watershed, Fish, Wildlife, Air And Rare Plants, Recreation, Heritage And Volunteer Resources. Total runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses in fish-scale pits site were 19.70%, 2.03%, 10.10% and 35.97% of those in bare land of the same area, respectively. This can be achieved by using contour cultivation, terrace framing, water spreading, chemical treatment or improved water-storage system. To reduce the adverse impact of land degradation, soil and water conservation (SWC) measures were implemented. and water conservation practices increase crop yield and reduce run-off and soil losses. Soil erosion can be decreased by 80 to 90 percent in no-till systems when compared to conventionally tilled land. These measures affect other options such as the … Runoff, sediment, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in fish-scale pits, agricultural land, narrow terraces, shrub cover and bare land, under rainfall events in rainy seasons (from May to November) during the 2010–2015 period, were monitored. Residue management achieved through no-till or minimum till practices is the most effective means of reducing runoff and soil erosion. ScienceDaily. Effects of soil and water conservation practices on runoff, sediment and n utrient losses. The results showed that compared with bare land, fish-scale pits performed the best in preventing runoff, sediment, TN and TP, followed by 30% shrub coverage, narrow terraces and agricultural land, successively. Soil and water conservation practices could change the hydraulic characteristics of slopes, decrease Re (Reynolds) and Fr (Froude) numbers, thereby decreasing runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses. Hence, many data are available. Table 4.4 Typical soil water loss from different tillage operations 1 and 4 days after tillage. Water conservation measures are the first-line option for the control and management of subsurface drainage water. • Terracing is a practice to reduce runoff, soil erosion, and sediment delivery from upland areas by constructing broad channels across the slope of rolling land. Slope hydrodynamic mechanisms and application conditions of these practices were also investigated. Significant decreasing trends in river sediment loads have been observed in approximately 50% of the world’s rivers [5, 6]. Runoff represents a short-term water loss to the cropping system, while soil erosion induced by runoff can cause long-term and permanent damage to agricultural systems. Gerlach troughs and runoff plots were used to evaluate the physical effectiveness. Reduction of the volatilization of N as ammonia gas. These practices reduce the impact of rainfall on the soil surface, reduce surface runoff volume and velocity, and increase soil resistance to erosion. While wind erosion may dominate in dryland cropping systems, water erosion rates can also threaten the soil's ability to sustain crop production in the long-term. Effects of soil and water conservation practices on runoff, sediment and n utrient losses, https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/58457. Rainfall is a major dynamic source of soil erosion and nutrient loss on slopes. It is estimated that between 2 and 6.8 billion tons of soil per year is lost from cropland in the United States due to erosion. Stone bunds with trenches were the most effective SWC structures in reducing runoff and soil loss. Total runoff, sediment, TN and TP losses in fish-scale pits site were 19.70%, 2.03%, 10.10% and 35.97% of those in bare land of the same area, respectively. 1Poor surface protection with little crop residue, 2Good surface protection with adequate crop residue, 3Average annual amount of high intensity rainfall (>0.5 in/hr). It is estimated that between 2 and 6.8 billion tons of soil per year is lost from cropland in the United States due to erosion. Water conservation efforts that will be applied are wastewater reuse into water recycle, rainwater harvesting, infiltration well construction and placing water meters. The intervention of SWC measures by the mobilization of the … Runoff plots are the most widely used measurement technique to study the effects of SWCT on runoff and soil loss by water erosion. No-till, conservation tillage and other runoff control measures reduce N loss in surface runoff and eroded soil material. increase water intake and storage and so reduce runoff, control water movement over the soil surface, dispose safely of the excess rainfall as runoff or concentrate inadequate rainfall runoff. Measures implemented in two nested watersheds situated in the public domain be used for soil and control erosion estimates. 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